恋みくじ: The Japanese love fortune

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If you’ve spent any time exploring Japanese culture or language, you might have come across the term 恋みくじ. It was the 4th most searched term according to Google Trends for 2024, but what exactly is it, and why has it captured the attention of so many for so long in Japan?

In this blog post, we’ll dive into the world of 恋みくじ, exploring its origins, the cultural significance of fortune-telling in Japan, and why modern-day Japanese people are searching for love advice from these ancient practices.

What is 恋みくじ?

At its core, 恋みくじ (こいみくじ) is a type of omikuji (おみくじ)—a traditional Japanese fortune slip—specifically focused on matters of love and relationships. Omikuji are often found at Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples, where visitors can shake a container filled with wooden sticks to receive a written fortune. This fortune typically ranges from 大吉 (だいきち・Great Fortune) to 凶 (きょう・Bad Luck), with various nuances in between, offering advice or predictions about one’s health, work, or future.

おみくじ
Table with おみくじ box

Traditionally, you shake the wooden box (おみくじ筒・おみくじ箱) and pull out a wooden stick which has a number on it, which you then take your おみくじ slip according to whatever number you got.

The 恋みくじ, however, narrows its focus specifically to love—offering insight into romantic relationships, whether you’re single or in a relationship. You might find fortunes like “You will meet someone special soon,” or “Your current relationship will face challenges.” In essence, it’s a love-centric version of the traditional omikuji—a fun way to explore potential romantic outcomes and gain a sense of hope or perhaps caution.

The Rise of 恋みくじ in Popular Culture

The popularity of 恋みくじ can be partly attributed to the broader fascination with fortune-telling in Japanese culture. While traditional omikuji have been around for centuries, the specific version focused on love is a relatively new phenomenon, emerging within the last few decades.

There are a few key factors contributing to the rise of 恋みくじ:

  1. Social Media Influence: In the age of social media, particularly with the rise of platforms like Instagram and Twitter, people enjoy sharing quirky and fun experiences with their followers. 恋みくじ is a perfect fit for this—easy to try, easy to share, and offering an experience that’s both personal and public.
  2. Seeking Love Advice: Romance and relationships are perennial topics of interest in Japan, just as they are globally. With the pressures of modern life—especially for younger generations—many people turn to lighthearted, yet comforting, methods like 恋みくじ for insight into their romantic lives. It’s less about serious fortune-telling and more about enjoying a playful interaction with fate.
  3. Cultural Influence of おみくじ: The long-standing tradition of おみくじ plays a role in the enduring appeal of 恋みくじ. Many Japanese people visit shrines not just for religious purposes but as part of a broader cultural experience—whether it’s for New Year’s blessings or simply out of curiosity. The introduction of love-specific omikuji adds a layer of personal intrigue to an already popular tradition.

The Cultural Significance of Omikuji in Japan

To understand the full appeal of 恋みくじ, it’s essential to explore the cultural significance of おみくじ itself. These fortune slips are deeply ingrained in Japanese spiritual life, with roots in Shintoism and Buddhism.

Historically, omikuji were used to predict a person’s future, guide their decisions, and provide blessings. The tradition dates back to the early 17th century during the Edo period, though it likely existed in some form even earlier. People would visit temples or shrines, shake a container to receive a random stick, and then open the corresponding fortune. The results were often interpreted in relation to one’s personal circumstances, with advice or warnings given based on the reading.

In Japan, the concept of fate—運命 (うんめい)—is deeply rooted in daily life. The idea that one’s life can be guided or influenced by divine forces appeals to a significant portion of the population. There’s something comforting about turning to a higher power for guidance when navigating life’s uncertainties, especially when it comes to something as unpredictable as love.

The Influence of Japanese Pop Culture

In Japanese pop culture, romance is often portrayed as a beautiful, yet difficult, journey. TV dramas, movies, and manga frequently explore themes of unrequited love, missed connections, and the struggles of finding the “right person.” This idealised, sometimes overly dramatic portrayal of love has led to a cultural fascination with fortune-telling—especially when it comes to matters of the heart.

By participating in a 恋みくじ, individuals are momentarily transported to a world of romance and fate. It provides not only entertainment but also a sense of reassurance. A person might visit a shrine to pray for a successful romance or a better outcome in their relationship. This practice allows people to connect to their deeper desires while enjoying the suspense of whether the fortune will be favourable or not.

恋みくじ and Personal Reflection

Another cultural nuance at play is the role of self-reflection in Japanese society. Japanese people tend to value modesty, humility, and discretion. This means that openly discussing personal struggles—particularly in love—can feel uncomfortable or inappropriate. 恋みくじ, however, offers a discreet and private way to engage with personal questions about relationships. By reading your fortune, you’re able to consider your feelings and future without having to put others on the spot. It’s a low-pressure, yet introspective, way of dealing with romantic uncertainty.

The Appeal of 恋みくじ to Younger Generations

In recent years, 恋みくじ has become especially popular among younger people. The uncertainties of modern life make the search for romantic fulfillment feel more challenging than ever. The rise in technology-based social media and dating services offer tools to deal with this landscape, but perhaps dissatisfaction with these services has seen many turn back to more traditional methods

恋みくじ provides an easy, fun way to navigate these feelings of uncertainty. It’s not necessarily about believing in fate, but about participating in a time-honored tradition that brings comfort and a sense of direction. For younger generations who might feel disconnected from traditional rituals, 恋みくじ offers a modern twist on a centuries-old custom.

The Future of 恋みくじ

As with many cultural trends, 恋みくじ may evolve or shift as time goes on. Digital and online versions of 恋みくじ are already becoming increasingly popular, allowing people to receive their fortune via smartphone apps or websites. In addition, commercialised versions of the fortune slips can be found in cafes, shopping malls, and even on social media, where influencers post their own 恋みくじ results.

Despite these changes, one thing is certain: the desire for love guidance, and the playful mystique of fortune-telling, will continue to be a central part of Japanese culture. As long as people continue to search for meaning in their relationships, 恋みくじ will likely remain a beloved tradition.

The Growing Popularity of Digital Transformation in Japan

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Japan’s economy is undergoing a major transformation as the country embraces digital technologies and innovation to remain competitive on the global stage. While many view Japan as brimming with the latest technology and gadgets, the reality on the ground is often quite far from this.

From advancements in robotics and AI to the adoption of sustainable practices, Japan is striving to reorient its economy in response to shifting global trends. However, one of the most fascinating aspects of this transformation is the challenge of moving away from traditional practices, especially when it comes to bureaucracy and business culture.

This post will explore Japan’s digital transformation, its evolving economic landscape, and my personal journey navigating the unique cultural nuances of the Japanese workplace, including the enduring importance of hanko 判子 (はんこ).

Japan’s Economic Landscape: Challenges and Opportunities

Japan’s economic stagnation over the past few decades has been driven by several factors, including a rapidly aging population, a shrinking workforce, and low birth rates among many other factors. Often referred to as the Lost Decades, the persistent nature of these economic conditions have seen several restatements.

While originally coined as the Lost Decade/失われた10年・うしなわれたじゅうねん in reference to the collapse of asset prices, the real estate market and the currency crash of 1990s, it then became the Lost 20 Years, and then the Lost 30 Years, 失われた30年.

Despite this, Japan remains an economic powerhouse with a strong industrial base, particularly in manufacturing, automotive, and electronics. However, in recent years, Japan has made a concerted effort to transition its economy towards more digital and innovation-driven industries, from AI to green technologies.

The push for digital transformation (DX) is a major component of this strategy. Digital technologies like big data, robotics, AI, and IoT (Internet of Things) are being integrated into everything from manufacturing processes to government services. The government’s Digital Government initiative aims to streamline administrative services, digitise public sector operations, and promote a digital-first approach to governance.

Having lived in Japan for approximately two years, one of them working, I frequently came across mind melting moments of paperwork or old technologies such as the fax machine. This was highlighted in a very visceral way during the COVID19 pandemic that highlighted the technological shortcomings in Japan. Japan only recently has declared victory over the floppy disk.

However, as much as Japan is modernising its economy, certain traditional practices remain stubbornly entrenched, especially when it comes to business processes. One of the most enduring elements of Japanese bureaucracy is the use of the 判子, a personal seal used to sign official documents.

However, the move away from 判子 is another sign that these ingrained practices may be changing.

My Struggle with 判子: A Personal Anecdote

When I first moved to Japan and started working, I was taken aback by the prominence of the 判子 in nearly every professional interaction. Of course, in Australia I was used to signing documents with my signature. However, in Japan, it quickly became apparent that the signature was almost irrelevant in official contexts. Instead, the 判子 was the gold standard for verifying one’s identity.

At first, I didn’t think much of it. I assumed my signature would suffice, but soon, I found myself caught in a frustrating cycle of needing to use a 判子 for any even semi-important document. Every time I signed a contract, opened a bank account, or signed a lease agreement, I was told that I needed a 判子.

I was warned several times that I should just go and get one made, and it is easy enough to do as there are 判子 shops all over Japan, but I am stubborn and thought I didn’t need some stupid stamp.

I had a basic understanding that a 判子 is essentially a stamp or seal that represents one’s personal or corporate identity. In Japan, it holds a much more significant role than just a signature—it is a physical manifestation of one’s authority, much like a signature might be in other parts of the world.

At first, I resisted. But the more I interacted with various institutions—banks, companies, even government offices—the more I realized that 判子 was indispensable in Japanese business culture. If I didn’t have one, I found myself repeatedly delayed or asked to resubmit documents.

I wasn’t able to to do many things, such as applying for a credit card (the bank called me, and woke me up as I was sleeping due to my night shift job, to tell me that I had filled out the wrong form if I wasn’t going to use a 判子) and when I got a job offer somewhere else, the boss had to talk to his boss to see how they could get around the ‘判子 problem’ (outcome: I was told that I could just sign the employment contract).

The Role of 判子 in Japan: Still Vital or Phasing Out?

The use of 判子 in Japan has been a topic of debate in recent years. With the rise of digitalisation and a growing push for paperless transactions, some have questioned whether the 判子 is still relevant in modern Japanese society. In fact, during the COVID19 pandemic, there was a renewed conversation about whether Japan could finally move away from the practice and adopt more digital signatures to reduce the need for physical contact and paperwork. While many were doing remote work during this time, one of the main reasons people went into the office was to do a bit of 判子ing.

In 2020, Japan’s government began exploring ways to modernise administrative processes and reduce the reliance on physical seals, citing the inefficiencies that come with the traditional system. The goal is to make public services more efficient by transitioning to digital signatures and online forms.

However, despite these efforts, the 判子 remains deeply embedded in Japanese culture and business practices. In many cases, it is not just about verifying one’s identity—it also represents a long-standing tradition and a symbol of trust in the Japanese system. For example, in legal matters and large transactions, such as buying a house or signing important contracts, a 判子 can still carry more weight than a simple digital signature.

There are specialised 判子 that come with their own authentication certificate used for these purposes, and then you can carry a cheap one around in your bag for more mundane activities. Things like this really used to annoy me and so I would complain about them, only for Japanese people to then point out that a signature was so unsafe or easy to forge. Well, yes, but how is that any different from a stamp that you can steal or certificate that you can forge? The answer being that the certification process involves a 判子 too! Foolproof.

Even companies that have adopted digital signatures for some processes may still ask employees and customers to use a 判子 in certain situations. This is particularly true in industries like banking, where the use of 判子 for official documents like account opening and loan agreements is still widespread.

While younger generations in Japan are more accustomed to digital tools and may see 判子 as an outdated practice, the older generation, which holds much of the power in corporate and government positions, remains attached to the tradition. As a result, 判子 use is still seen as vital in many professional and bureaucratic contexts.

The Push for Digital Transformation and Innovation in Japan

While the use of 判子 may seem like a symbol of Japan’s slower adoption of digital technologies, the country is actively working to modernise its systems in other areas. As mentioned, Japan has made significant strides in promoting digital transformation, with initiatives aimed at encouraging the private sector to adopt new technologies and improve efficiency.

Digital technologies like AI, blockchain, and IoT are being implemented across a wide range of industries, from automotive to healthcare to finance. Japanese businesses are using these technologies to improve manufacturing processes, automate tasks, and reduce costs. For example, Japan’s automotive industry, including companies like Toyota and Honda, is leading the charge in developing autonomous vehicles and EVs, areas where the digital transformation is making a significant impact.

Seeing as the 自動化 system and other innovations by particularly the Toyota corporation and others put Japan on the map in terms of manufacturing excellency, perhaps there can be some kind of digital renaissance in Japan.

However, the shift to digital is not just about technology—it’s also about changing the mindset of the workforce and society. Japan has historically been a conservative country when it comes to embracing new ways of doing business, and the transition to a fully digital, paperless system will take time. The 判子issue is a microcosm of this challenge, reflecting Japan’s broader balancing act between tradition and innovation.

Japan’s Digital Future and the Enduring Legacy of 判子

Japan’s ongoing efforts to modernise its economy through digital transformation are exciting and filled with potential. From the push to reduce paper-based bureaucracy to the rise of new industries like green technology and biotechnology, Japan is working hard to stay competitive in the digital age.

However, as my personal experience with the 判子 demonstrates, the road to full digitalisation in Japan is not without its hurdles. The country’s attachment to tradition, as represented by the widespread use of 判子, is a reminder that innovation in Japan is not always a straightforward process. Nevertheless, Japan’s commitment to blending its rich cultural heritage with cutting-edge technologies shows that the country is taking careful steps to ensure its place in the future economy.

The impact of technology on language learning and how to leverage it for success

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In recent years, the landscape of language learning has undergone a significant transformation. With the advent of technology, traditional methods of studying Japanese are being enhanced and sometimes replaced by digital tools that cater to a variety of learning styles and can both enhance and make learning more efficient.

From mobile apps to online communities, technology has made learning Japanese more accessible and engaging than ever before. In this post, we’ll explore the various ways technology is influencing Japanese language learning, the benefits it offers, and some challenges learners may face if the technology is not used correctly.

The Rise of Language Learning Apps

One of the most noticeable changes in language learning is the popularity of mobile applications. Apps like Duolingo, Anki, and Rosetta Stone have gained traction among both beginners and advanced learners. These platforms often incorporate gamification, making the learning process fun and interactive. For instance, Duolingo uses a points system, quizzes, and daily goals to motivate users, while Anki employs spaced repetition to help learners memorise vocabulary effectively using proven systems that maximise memory retention.

In Japan, local apps such as LingoDeer and WaniKani have emerged, specifically designed for learning Asian languages. LingoDeer offers structured lessons that include grammar and vocabulary, while WaniKani focuses on teaching kanji through mnemonics and spaced repetition. This tailored approach helps learners grasp the complexities of the Japanese language in a more engaging way.

Personally, I learnt Japanese without a lot of these services and the fancy menus and gamification of the apps doesn’t particularly lend itself to getting better at the language. These apps and services tend to suffer from the same fatal flaws of all Japanese textbooks and language programs: they focus on teaching words and kanji through repetition, are very light on grammar, and teach Japanese to English speakers in the same way that one would learn German or Spanish. Unfortunately, the languages are too different for this to ever work.

Online Communities and Social Learning

Technology has also fostered the growth of online communities where learners can connect, practice, and share resources. Platforms like Reddit, Discord, and Facebook host groups dedicated to Japanese language learning, providing spaces for learners to ask questions, exchange tips, and even find language partners. This social aspect can be incredibly beneficial, as it mimics real-life interactions and encourages learners to use their skills in a supportive environment.

Websites like HelloTalk and Tandem have made it easier than ever to find language exchange partners. These apps allow users to connect with native Japanese speakers who want to learn another language. This reciprocal learning approach not only enhances speaking and listening skills but also provides cultural insights that are invaluable for language acquisition.

I always found engaging with native speakers a core part of improvement with language learning. Being a JSL learner means employing a combination of techniques, and doing consistent study combined with facing the real world via talking to Japanese native speakers has been the most successful strategy for me.

E-Learning Platforms and Online Courses

The pandemic accelerated the shift to online learning, leading many educational institutions in Japan to offer courses via platforms like Zoom and Google Classroom. Schools and universities have recognised the need to adapt, providing students with more flexible options for language study. Online courses often feature interactive elements such as live discussions, video content, and collaborative projects, making them more engaging than traditional classroom settings.

Popular e-learning platforms like Coursera and Udemy have also introduced Japanese language courses, allowing learners worldwide to access quality education. These courses often come with video lectures, quizzes, and downloadable resources, making it easier for learners to study at their own pace.

Virtual Reality and Language Learning

While still emerging, virtual reality (VR) technology is poised to revolutionize language learning. VR platforms like ImmerseMe offer immersive environments where learners can practice speaking Japanese in realistic scenarios, such as ordering food at a restaurant or navigating a train station. This immersive experience can enhance language retention and build confidence in speaking.

Moreover, augmented reality (AR) applications, such as Google Translate’s instant camera feature, allow learners to translate signs and menus in real time, bridging the gap between language theory and practical application.

However, Google Translate and ChatGPT often have major issues in mistranslations or missing the important nuances that are key to sounding like a real, natural Japanese speaker.

Personalised Learning Experiences

One of the significant advantages of technology in language learning is the ability to personalize the learning experience. Many apps and platforms use algorithms to adapt lessons based on the learner’s progress and preferences. This personalisation allows learners to focus on areas where they struggle, whether it’s grammar, vocabulary, or pronunciation.

For example, Busuu offers personalised feedback from native speakers on written exercises, providing learners with insights that traditional classroom settings might not offer. This tailored feedback can be crucial for improving language skills more rapidly.

Challenges in Technological Language Learning

Despite the many benefits, there are challenges associated with learning Japanese through technology. One concern is the potential for learners to become overly reliant on digital tools, which can lead to a lack of foundational skills. For instance, while apps can be helpful for vocabulary acquisition, they may not provide the in-depth understanding of grammar and sentence structure that a traditional classroom might offer.

Additionally, the absence of face-to-face interaction can hinder speaking practice and reduce the opportunities for learners to engage in spontaneous conversations. While online communities and language exchange apps provide some interaction, they may not fully replicate the immersive experience of being in a Japanese-speaking environment.

Also, the vetting and checking of what people post is not always present, and the amount of people who post wrong answers, incorrect corrections or otherwise talk about things that they don’t know makes the online language learning space fraught with errors.

Conclusion

The impact of technology on language learning is undeniable. With a plethora of resources available at learners’ fingertips, mastering Japanese has become more accessible and engaging. From apps and online courses to virtual reality experiences, technology is reshaping how learners approach the language.

However, it’s essential for learners to strike a balance between using these tools and engaging in traditional methods of study. By combining technology with real-life practice and foundational learning, students can maximise their language acquisition journey.

As we look to the future, the ongoing integration of technology in language learning promises exciting possibilities. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, embracing these technological advancements can help you navigate the complexities of the Japanese language and culture, making your learning experience both enjoyable and effective.

The Quirky World of Japanese: 擬態語・擬声語・擬音語: Sound and Action Words That Bring Language to Life

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If you’ve ever tried learning Japanese, you might have stumbled across a fascinating aspect of the language that leaves many learners both amused and bewildered: words that that fall under various linguistic labels such as phenomimes and onomatopes.

Phenomime: A word or phrase that mimics a certain physical form or motion 

Onomatope: A word formed by onomatopoeia or mimesis.

In Japanese, these sound words are not only common but also incredibly versatile, adding layers of meaning and emotion to conversation. Let’s dive into this quirky world where sounds take center stage and explore why onomatopoeia is not just a linguistic curiosity but a delightful window into Japanese culture.

What Are Onomatopoeia in Japanese?

Onomatopoeia refers to words that phonetically imitate or resemble the sound they describe. In English, we have words like “buzz” or “meow,” but Japanese takes this concept to a whole new level. The language is rich with sound words that capture not just auditory experiences but also emotions and actions.

For example, the word ワンワン represents the bark of a dog, while ニャンニャン mimics a cat’s meow. However, the magic doesn’t stop there. Japanese onomatopoeia can express feelings and states too! Words like ピカピカ can mean something that shines or glitters, and it doesn’t tend to be the case that an onomatopoeia has just one meaning (that’d be too easy). There are variations of the same onomatopoeia that often use a っと such as ピカっと which still retains the shines/glitter meaning, but is more specifically to refer to a flash of light, such as lightning. Combine this with the squeak of a mouse, チュー and you get a pretty iconic Pokémon:

It’s a treasure trove of auditory imagery that turns everyday conversation into a vibrant tapestry of sounds.

Categories of Onomatopoeia

Japanese onomatopoeia can be broadly categorised into two types: 擬声語 and 擬態語.

  1. 擬声語: These are sound-imitating words, much like the English examples mentioned earlier. They depict sounds made by animals, objects, and nature.
  2. 擬態語: These words describe states or conditions and often evoke a sensory experience rather than a specific sound. For instance, ドキドキrepresents the sound of a beating heart, usually in the context of excitement or nervousness, while さらさら describes something smooth or flowing.

This distinction might seem subtle, but it adds depth to the language. Native speakers can use these differences to vividly express a wide range of situations and emotions, making their conversations much more engaging and colourful.

Why Are They Important?

Incorporating onomatopoeia into your Japanese vocabulary can give you a significant edge in fluency. They are widely used in everyday conversation, manga, anime, and even advertising. Here are a few reasons why mastering these sound words is beneficial:

  1. Cultural Nuance: Understanding onomatopoeia can provide insight into Japanese culture. These words often reflect the Japanese appreciation for nature and emotions.
  2. Expressiveness: Onomatopoeic words allow speakers to convey emotions more vividly. Saying someone is “nervous” might not convey the feeling as strongly as saying they are ドキドキ. It’s this expressiveness that adds flavour to conversations.
  3. Language Play: Onomatopoeia opens the door to playful language use. Japanese speakers often enjoy wordplay, using sound words in creative ways. This not only makes conversations fun but also encourages learners to be playful with their language skills.

Useful Examples

Let’s look at some amusing and interesting examples of onomatopoeia that you can use in daily conversation:

  • ブルブル: This describes shivering or trembling, often used when someone is cold or scared. You might say, 寒いからブルブルしている! – “I’m shivering because it’s cold!”
  • ワクワク: This word expresses excitement or anticipation, like the feeling before going to an amusement park or meeting a friend. For example, 明日、旅行に行くからワクワクしている! – “I’m excited because I’m going on a trip tomorrow!”
  • ゴロゴロ: This represents a rolling sound, often used to describe laziness or lounging around. You might say, 今日は家でゴロゴロしている。 – “I’m just lounging around at home today.”

Learning Through Context

One of the best ways to learn onomatopoeia is through context. Watching Japanese shows, reading manga, or listening to music can expose you to these sound words in action. You’ll notice how they enhance storytelling and dialogue, making characters’ emotions more relatable and vivid.

For example, in anime, a character might react with a quick ギャー when scared, or a cute scene might be underscored with a soft ニャンニャン to represent a cat. This immersion helps you understand how these sound words fit naturally into conversation.

Conclusion

Japanese onomatopoeia is more than just a fun linguistic quirk; it’s a vibrant part of the culture that enhances communication. By embracing these sound words, you can enrich your Japanese language skills and connect more deeply with the nuances of everyday life in Japan. So next time you practice your Japanese, don’t shy away from sprinkling in some of these words, as if you use them more and watch the expression of your native Japanese speaker carefully, you’ll be able to tell whether you hit the mark or not.

Exploring Bukatsu: After School Club Activities in Japan

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In Japan, the culture of 部活 (ぶかつ), or after-school club activities, plays a significant role in the lives of students. These clubs, which encompass a wide range of sports, arts, and other extracurricular activities, offer students an opportunity to engage, grow, and connect outside of the classroom.

Particularly popular among high school students, 部活 not only provide a venue for honing skills but also foster teamwork, discipline, and a sense of community. In this blog post, we will explore the most popular sports in 部活, how these activities are organised and managed by schools, their connection to professional sports, and the trends observed in 部活 over the last 30 years.

The Most Popular Activities for 部活

Among the many activities available, certain sports stand out as particularly popular within the 部活 framework. These include:

1. Baseball

Baseball (野球・やきゅう) is often regarded as Japan’s national pastime and is the most popular 部活 sport. Many schools have dedicated baseball teams that train rigorously and compete in regional and national tournaments. The annual National High School Baseball Championship, held at Koshien Stadium　 (阪神甲子園球場・はんしんこうしえんきゅうじょう), is a highlight of the year, showcasing the immense talent and dedication of young players.

Japanese high school baseball (高校野球・こうこうやきゅう) is a highly competitive and revered aspect of the country’s sporting culture. It encompasses a structured framework involving public and private schools, and it often acts as a stepping stone for young athletes aspiring to play professionally.

Public and Private Schools

Public high schools in Japan, often funded by local governments, offer a more accessible path for young athletes. They typically emphasise a balanced education, with sports serving as an extracurricular activity or 部活. Some of the most successful public schools have built strong baseball programs that leverage local talent. These schools often create a sense of community and loyalty among students, fostering a team-oriented atmosphere.

In contrast, private schools tend to have more resources, better facilities, and specialised coaching. Institutions like Waseda Jitsugyo (早稲田大学系属早稲田実業学校・わせだだいがくけいぞくわせだじつぎょうがっこう) and Seiko Gakuin (八戸学院光星高等学校・はちのへがくいんこうせいこうとうがっこう）are well-known for their rigorous training programs and ability to attract talented players from across the country.

These schools can afford to invest in advanced training and scouting, often leading to a higher rate of success in tournaments.

Notable Schools in the Last 30 Years

Over the past three decades, several high schools have established themselves as powerhouses in Japanese high school baseball. 日本文理高等学校（にほんぶんりこうとうがっこう), for example, has produced notable talents such as 田中将大 (たなかまさひろ), who made a significant impact in both Japan and the USA’s Major League Baseball (MLB).

Osaka Toin High School (大阪桐蔭中学校・高等学校・おおさかとういんちゅうがっこう・こうとうがっこう) has made headlines in recent years, not just for its success at 甲子園 but also for developing players like 筒香 嘉智 (つつごもよしとも), who transitioned to MLB after a successful career in Japan.

Of course, attending these schools is by no means a sure thing for a career in professional baseball, and possibly one of the greatest of all time players, the absolute dominator 大谷翔平 (おおたにしょうへい) went to 花巻東高等学校（はなまきひがしこうとうがっこう), mainly because his idol 菊池雄星 attended, not winning 甲子園 either.

2. Soccer

Soccer (サッカー) has seen a significant rise in popularity since the 1990s, especially following Japan’s successful hosting of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Many high schools boast robust soccer programs, with girls’ soccer also gaining traction. Competitive leagues and tournaments allow students to showcase their skills on larger stages, often leading to recruitment by college teams.

The typical グラウンド at Japanese public schools is often not grass and instead a sandy/rocky surface which may be OK for baseball, but is terrible for soccer (and yes, I don’t call it football because I’m Australian).

Would you want to do a slide tackle on this surface?

3. Basketball

Basketball (バスケットボール) is another favorite, particularly among urban schools. High school basketball competitions, such as the Inter-High, draw considerable attention, and many students aspire to follow in the footsteps of players who have gone on to professional leagues, such as the B.League in Japan.

Basketball 部活 has become a sort of focal point about the continued viability of 部活 in Japan, with many calls for these activities to be run by outsourcing them from the schools (外部委託・がいぶいたく):

https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/599186

Teachers are tasked with managing and training the team, often on a volunteer basis. Most 部活 are run 5 days a week after school, with tournaments on the weekends, and this can be almost another fulltime job on top of a teacher’s normal school load.

4. Volleyball

Volleyball (バレーボール), both boys’ and girls’, has a dedicated following. School teams participate in various tournaments, with girls’ volleyball often receiving significant media attention, especially after Japan’s women’s national team gained prominence on the international stage.

5. Tennis

Tennis (テニス) remains popular, with many schools offering both singles and doubles play. The competitive nature of high school tennis fosters camaraderie and rivalry, and the sport is often a gateway for students to pursue tennis at higher levels.

6. Martial Arts

Martial arts, including judo (柔道), kendo (剣道), and karate (空手), hold a unique place in 部活. These activities not only emphasise physical fitness but also instill values of respect, discipline, and self-control, making them appealing to many students.

While some schools may have a dedicated 武道場 or similar (for example, I was in the 卓球部 and we shared half of the hall with 剣道部), another way to make use of space is to clear out the desks and chairs from a classroom, throw mats down, and have the training session that way.

How 部活 are Run by Schools

部活 are typically organised and run by individual schools, with varying degrees of structure and support. Each school generally has a faculty advisor who oversees the club’s activities, ensuring that students balance their academic responsibilities with their extracurricular commitments.

Structure and Commitment

Participation in 部活 often requires a substantial commitment, with practices held several times a week, sometimes even daily. This level of dedication helps build a strong team dynamic, but it can also be demanding. Students often manage their time carefully to juggle homework, 部活, and personal interests.

Some Japanese schools have practice both before and after school, which coupled with the rigorous academic level of Japanese schools, quite often leads to burnout. Many students end up dropping 部活 by their final year of high school. Some students will skip out all together, instead saying they are 帰宅部 (going home club).

It is also an opportunity to make friends in other years, although the 後輩・先輩 system can get in the way depending on the school.

Funding and Resources

Schools typically provide basic funding for 部活, including uniforms, equipment, and travel expenses for competitions. However, many clubs also engage in fundraising activities to supplement their budgets. This can involve hosting events, selling merchandise, or seeking sponsorships from local businesses.

Competition and Achievement

Competitions are a key aspect of 部活, and schools often celebrate the achievements of their teams. Success in competitions can elevate the school’s reputation and foster pride among students. Additionally, the experience gained through these activities can lead to scholarship opportunities for students aspiring to continue their sports careers at the collegiate level.

We went to some tournaments for my table tennis club, and despite being on a Saturday, we had to wear our school uniforms to the competition (a key fact that I was not aware of).

The Connection to Professional Sports

The relationship between 部活 and professional sports is undeniable. Many professional athletes in Japan have roots in high school 部活, where they first discovered their passion and talent for their respective sports.

Scouting and Recruitment

Professional sports teams often scout talent at high school competitions, looking for promising players to join their ranks. The visibility that comes from performing well in high school tournaments can open doors for students, leading to opportunities to play at the collegiate level or even professionally.

Role Models and Inspiration

Moreover, professional athletes frequently return to their alma maters or engage with local schools to inspire the next generation of players. This connection not only motivates students but also reinforces the idea that dedication and hard work can lead to success in sports.

Trends in 部活 Over the Last 30 Years

The landscape of 部活 has evolved significantly over the past three decades, reflecting broader societal changes and shifts in cultural attitudes towards sports and extracurricular activities.

Increased Inclusivity

One notable trend is the increasing inclusivity of 部活. In recent years, more schools have established mixed-gender teams and expanded offerings to include sports that cater to a wider range of interests, such as eSports and yoga. This shift reflects a broader societal recognition of diverse athleticism and the importance of mental well-being.

Global Influence

The globalisation of sports culture has also impacted 部活. Exposure to international sports and training methods has led to the incorporation of new techniques and styles into traditional Japanese sports, enhancing overall competitiveness. For instance, the influence of American basketball and European soccer tactics can be observed in the training regimens of high school teams.

Emphasis on Mental Health

Furthermore, there has been a growing awareness of the mental health implications associated with the intense pressures of 部活. Schools are increasingly recognising the importance of mental well-being and implementing programs to support students in managing stress and maintaining a healthy balance between academics and extracurriculars.

Whether this is lip-service or is having actual impact remains to be seen.

Technological Advancements

Advancements in technology have transformed training and coaching methods. Many schools now utilise video analysis, wearable fitness trackers, and online platforms for training, helping students refine their skills and track their progress more effectively.

Conclusion

Bukatsu remains a vital component of student life in Japan, shaping not only the athletic landscape but also the cultural fabric of the nation. As the most popular sports continue to thrive and evolve, so too do the values and lessons imparted through these activities.

From fostering teamwork and discipline to nurturing future professional athletes, 部活 offers students a rich and rewarding experience that extends far beyond the playing field. In embracing inclusivity, global influences, mental health awareness, and technological advancements, 部活 is well-positioned to adapt to the changing needs of students while continuing to inspire generations to come, but the future structure of the system is likely to change significantly in the coming years.

Understanding トー横キッズ: A Deep Dive into Yokohama’s Youth Culture

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In recent years, the phenomenon known as トー横キッズ (Tōyoko Kids) has emerged as a distinctive feature of urban youth culture in Yokohama. This group of young individuals, often seen sitting on the streets and engaging in various activities, reflects broader social dynamics and issues affecting Japan’s youth today.

In this post, we’ll explore what Tōyoko Kids do, the reasons behind their behavior, the social challenges they face, and the response from law enforcement, all while considering whether this is a unique phenomenon or part of a larger trend.

Who Are the トー横キッズ?

Tōyoko Kids are primarily teenagers and young adults who gather near the infamous Kabuki-chou area of Tokyo. Per the Wikipedia article:

「トー横」とは「新宿東宝ビルの横」
Toyoko is a portmanteau of the To from Touhoubiru and Yoko from ‘next to’.

They are often recognised by their relaxed demeanor, sitting on the ground (not even a Japanese squat!) in groups, sharing stories, music, and creating art.

This casual gathering is more than just hanging out; it’s a form of self-expression and community-building among youths who might feel disconnected from conventional societal norms.

Why Do They Sit on the Ground?

The act of sitting on the ground might seem trivial, but it is a deliberate act and signals a type of social message.

For Tōyoko Kids, sitting on the pavement symbolises a rejection of formal structures and expectations. It’s a way to carve out a space that feels safe and accepting, away from the pressures of daily life and societal judgments. This behavior resonates with the desire for freedom and authenticity, as many young people find solace in the company of peers who share similar values and experiences.

Social Problems Surrounding Tōyoko Kids

While Tōyoko Kids embody creativity and community, they also face various social challenges.

The deliberate choice to sit-out is not a good way to get ahead in Japanese society, not that they particularly care. Issues such as unemployment, and alienation are prevalent among this demographic. The pressures of academic and career expectations can lead to feelings of inadequacy, prompting some young people to seek refuge in alternative lifestyles or just check-out altogether.

Additionally, the presence of Tōyoko Kids has raised concerns among local residents regarding public safety and disturbances. Misunderstandings about their intentions can lead to negative perceptions, resulting in tension between the youths and the broader community.

Law Enforcement’s Response

In response to the emergence of Tōyoko Kids, police have taken a proactive approach. Their involvement often focuses on ensuring public safety and maintaining order. While some officers may view the gatherings as potential sources of trouble, others are beginning to recognise the need for a more nuanced understanding of these youths.

Police have implemented measures such as dialogue and outreach programs to foster better communication between law enforcement and Tōyoko Kids. This approach aims to alleviate tensions and promote a sense of mutual respect. However, fundamentally the mistrust and disconnect the youth feel, rightly or wrongly, means they’re not too keen on engaging with this outreach.

However, the challenge remains in balancing the need for safety with the rights of young people to gather and express themselves.

Is This a Unique Social Phenomenon?

The Tōyoko Kids phenomenon is not entirely unique; rather, it mirrors similar trends seen in urban centers worldwide. Youth subcultures often form in response to societal pressures, economic challenges, and the search for identity. Similar gatherings can be found in other parts of Japan, such as the Harajuku and Shibuya districts, where young people congregate to express their individuality and creativity.

However, Tōyoko Kids stand out due to their specific cultural context, reflecting local dynamics and issues that may differ from other cities. Their gatherings provide a unique lens through which to examine the complexities of modern youth culture in Japan.

Conclusion

The emergence of トー横キッズ is a fascinating and multifaceted aspect of contemporary Japanese society. While they represent a vibrant community of creativity and expression, they also embody the challenges faced by many young people today. Understanding their experiences—rooted in a desire for connection and authenticity—can foster greater empathy and dialogue among different segments of society.

As Tōyoko Kids continue to navigate their place in the urban landscape, it is crucial for communities and authorities to engage with them thoughtfully. By recognising their unique contributions and challenges, we can pave the way for a more inclusive and understanding society that values the voices of its youth.

Exploring 生きる: A Masterpiece by Akira Kurosawa

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志村喬/Takashi Shimura as Kanji Watanabe

Akira Kurosawa’s 「生きる」is a cinematic gem that delves deep into the human experience, focusing on themes of mortality, purpose, and the meaning of life. Released in 1952, the film tells the poignant story of Kanji Watanabe, a lifelong bureaucrat who discovers he has terminal cancer and embarks on a journey to find meaning before his time runs out.

Kurosawa masterfully brings to life Japanese government bureaucracy in a visceral way, however the focus is often how unfulfilling the work is, how useless it is in achieving anything, and how it tends to infect and destroy everyone else who comes into contact with it. Even Watanabe’s own coworkers make promises to do better following his eventual death, but almost immediately return to their old ways once back in the office.

In this post, we’ll explore ten famous quotes from the film, analysing their grammar, vocabulary, and significance in the context of the story.

Overview of 生きる

Set in post-war Japan, 生きる is a reflection on the monotony of bureaucratic life and the struggle to find significance in life, even in the face of impending death.

Watanabe’s monotonous, bureaucratic position in the Tokyo public works department has seen him unfulfilled for thirty years but his retirement looms. His family situation doesn’t leave much to look forward to as his wife is already dead, and his son, Mitsuo, is uninterested in his father and only has eyes for his father’s estate and lifetime pension.

Watanabe is one of the most common surnames in Japan, often ranking in the top ten most common surnames:

From 攻殻機動隊 SAC EP10

However, upon learning of his diagnosis, Watanabe’s transformation from a passive office worker to a man determined to leave a lasting legacy ripples through not only the rest of his own short time remaining, but also has real world effects (although not with the soulless coworkers).

This bravery and determination resonates with viewers, encouraging them to reflect on their own lives. The film’s deep philosophical undercurrents, combined with Kurosawa’s masterful direction, make 生きる a timeless classic.

This film touches on an aspect of my own life that I try and keep at the forefront of my mind. That our time is short, you don’t get a do-over, and so you should try and make something of yourself and impact the world around you, hopefully in a positive way.

A scene which encapsulates this determination to see that change happens is when Watanabe’s proposal gets turned down and he is dismissed as the boss goes back to talking about a banquet he attended the previous night. Watanabe merely stands at the desk and eventually interrupts their discussion to ask them to reconsider the denial, an absolute affront to the hierarchy present in these organisations.

The underlying issue of a red light district and the involvement of criminal elements also sees Watanabe physically threatened and intimidated, only for him to continue on in with his task.

The usage of a wake by Kurosawa to help explain the surrounding character’s understanding of Watanabe’s actions helps one become a fly on the wall as we follow Watanabe’s mission. We switch between the present, the conversations at the wake, versus the actions of Watanabe as they unfold.

Quote 1: “生きる” – “To live”

Grammar and Vocabulary: The word “生きる” (ikiru) is a verb meaning “to live.” It encapsulates the film’s central theme, urging viewers to contemplate what it truly means to live.

Significance: This simple yet profound expression sets the tone for Watanabe’s journey. It’s a call to action, prompting the audience to examine their own lives and the choices they make.

I’ve got a whole beginner playlist on YouTube that talks about verbs if you want to learn more about this:

Quote 2: “私は死にたくない” – “I don’t want to die”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “私” means “I.”
  • “死にたくない” is using the verb “死ぬ” with the negative たい form to make don’t want to die.

Significance: This quote highlights Watanabe’s initial fear of death. His reluctance to accept his fate drives him to seek meaning, illustrating the universal human instinct to cling to life.

Quote 3: “無駄な生活” – “A wasted life”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “無駄” means “waste” or “futility.”
  • “生活” translates to “life” or “living.”

Significance: Watanabe’s acknowledgment of his previous existence as a “wasted life” serves as a catalyst for his transformation. This quote resonates with anyone who has felt unfulfilled, urging them to seek purpose. 生活’s first kanji is the 生きる kanji we saw earlier.

Quote 4: “私には夢がある” – “I have a dream”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “夢” means “dream.”
  • “ある” indicates existence.

Significance: This line marks a turning point for Watanabe. By expressing his desire for a dream, he embraces hope and motivation. It reflects the idea that dreams give life meaning and direction.

He also has spent a lot of time daydreaming to get through his boring days at work, and also his mind starts to race when thinking about possibilities that he never even considered until his impending death.

Quote 5: “人間は死ぬまで生きている” – “A person lives until they die”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “人間” means “human being.”
  • “死ぬまで” means “until death.”
  • “生きている” is the continuous form of “to live.”

Significance: This quote emphasises the importance of living fully. It suggests that one’s actions and impact extend beyond mere existence, urging viewers to make the most of their time.

This also brings to the fore the dilemma facing Watanabe; he can choose to throw in the towel and do nothing, but until he is actually dead he feels he has a duty to do something meaningful. Besides, what is the worst that could happen? He gets blacklisted from future employment? He doesn’t care anymore about putting his head above the parapet.

Quote 6: “子供たちのために” – “For the sake of the children”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “子供たち” means “children.”
  • “ために” translates to “for the sake of.”

Significance: Watanabe’s focus on leaving a legacy for future generations showcases the theme of altruism. This quote underscores the notion that true fulfillment comes from contributing to others’ lives.

Ironically enough, Watanabe’s own son cares about him so little that when Watanabe tries to tell him that he is dying, the son is too preoccupied with something to pay any attention and so Watanabe loses his nerve to actually break the news.

Quote 7: “私は何をすればいいのか” – “What should I do?”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “何” means “what.”
  • “すれば” is the conditional form of “する” (to do).
  • “いいのか” expresses inquiry.

Significance: This moment of self-reflection highlights Watanabe’s existential crisis. It captures the uncertainty many face when seeking meaning, illustrating the struggle to find direction.

Watanabe is also facing a type of Kafkaesque hell with so many departments with different jurisdictions, all completely uninterested in actually helping the citizens who pay their salaries. He doesn’t know where to start to do something as simple as drain some wastewater in order to get a playground useable again despite having over 3 decades in the job.

Quote 8: “私の仕事は…” – “My job is…”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “私の” means “my.”
  • “仕事” translates to “job” or “work.”

Significance: This quote reflects Watanabe’s previous identity as a bureaucrat. It serves as a reminder of how societal roles can often overshadow personal aspirations, prompting a reevaluation of one’s priorities.

It also points to him realising what his actual job is now, it is not being a paper pusher but instead something more.

Quote 9: “幸せが見つからない” – “I can’t find happiness”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “幸せ” means “happiness.”
  • “見つからない” is the negative form of “見つかる” (to be found).

Significance: This expression encapsulates Watanabe’s internal struggle. His quest for happiness reflects a universal desire, resonating with viewers who grapple with their own definitions of fulfillment.

Quote 10: “私が変わる” – “I will change”

Grammar and Vocabulary:

  • “私が” (watashi ga) indicates “I” as the subject.
  • “変わる” (kawaru) means “to change.”

Significance: This declaration marks Watanabe’s commitment to transformation. It embodies the film’s core message: it’s never too late to change one’s life and pursue a meaningful existence.

There is something a little deeper here in the grammar, as we have a difference between かわる vs かえる, with Watanabe realising that he will change as a result of what he will do, rather than him actually changing himself. I go over this topic when dealing with transitive and intransitive verbs:

Conclusion

生きる is not just a film about death; it’s a profound exploration of life, purpose, and legacy. Each quote serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities of human existence, urging viewers to reflect on their own lives and choices. Through Watanabe’s journey, Kurosawa encourages us to live fully, embrace our dreams, and make a difference in the lives of others, and to do it now, while you still can.

As you delve into 生きる, consider these quotes and the lessons they impart. What does it mean for you to truly live? How can you find purpose in your own life? Let this film inspire you to seek meaning, even in the simplest moments or even if you can barely move the needle. Try and move it anyway.

The Unification Church Scandal in Japan: Unveiling the Controversy and Its Implications

In recent years, Japan has been shaken by a scandal involving the Unification Church 統一教会, also known as the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification. This controversy has intertwined with Japanese politics, celebrities, and public life, raising questions about the future of the nation’s political landscape and social fabric.

A Brief History of the Unification Church

Founded in 1954 by Sun Myung Moon, the Unification Church emerged from South Korea with the mission of promoting world peace and interfaith unity. It is an offshoot of Christianity and has spawned a massive empire based on donations from its members, with some of its core tents being Korean in nature such as Korean reunification and being anti-communist.

The church is known for its unique theological beliefs and mass wedding ceremonies, which symbolize the union of people from diverse backgrounds. Despite its lofty ideals, the church has faced criticism and controversy over its fundraising methods, doctrinal teachings, and influence in various countries. The weddings are typically not legally binding and the couples later on have separate legal ceremonies.

The Unification Church Scandal in Japan

The scandal erupted as allegations surfaced regarding the church’s influence over Japanese politics and its controversial fundraising practices. Reports emerged about significant financial contributions made by church members to Japanese politicians, leading to questions about the integrity of political processes. Additionally, revelations about the church’s involvement with high-profile individuals in Japanese society further fueled the controversy.

One of the biggest flashpoints regarding this involved the July 2022 assassination of former prime minister Shinzo Abe at the hands of a shooter who later claimed that his motivations for the crime were from his mother’s bankruptcy due to excessive donations to the church and he believed that Abe was involved in the leadership of the church.

The government’s investigation concluded that the group’s practices – including fund-raising activities that allegedly pressured followers to make exorbitant donations – violated legislation such as the Religious Corporations Act.

That law allows Japanese courts to order the dissolution of a religious group if it has committed an act “clearly found to harm public welfare substantially.” This step has occurred twice before in Japanese history.

Following the deadly 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway system, the Aum Shinrikyo cult was dissolved after dozens were killed and thousands injured. The other time was regarding the group the Myokaku-ji Temple, when it was discovered that priests at the temple were charging for exorcisms.

Top Figures Involved

  1. Sun Myung Moon (Deceased) – The founder of the Unification Church, Moon’s legacy remains a significant part of the scandal due to his role in establishing and promoting the church’s practices.
  2. Hak Ja Han Moon – Sun Myung Moon’s widow and co-leader of the Unification Church. She has been involved in efforts to maintain the church’s influence and address the scandal’s fallout.
  3. Shinzo Abe (Deceased)
  4. Fumio Kishida – The current Prime Minister of Japan, Kishida has been at the forefront of addressing the scandal’s impact on Japanese politics and public trust.
  5. Tetsuo Kondo – A prominent Japanese politician and former member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), who has faced scrutiny for his connections with the church.
  6. Yoshihide Suga – Former prime minister and an influential figure in the LDP. Suga’s administration was criticized for its alleged ties with the church.
  7. Koichi Hagiuda – A key LDP member who has been implicated in the scandal due to his associations with church-affiliated groups.
  8. Masahiko Shibayama – A Japanese politician whose links to the church have been scrutinized, raising questions about his role in the controversy.
  9. Shinjiro Koizumi – A rising star in Japanese politics whose connections to the church have been examined, impacting his political career. He is the son of former prime minister Junichiro Koizumi.
  10. Toshio Nakamura – A well-known Japanese celebrity who publicly supported the church, his involvement has drawn significant media attention.

Impact on Japan’s Political System

The scandal has significantly impacted Japanese politics. There have been increased calls for transparency and reforms within political parties to prevent undue influence from religious organisations. The fallout from the scandal has led to:

  • Increased Scrutiny: Political leaders and public figures are under greater scrutiny regarding their affiliations and financial dealings.
  • Public Distrust: The scandal has eroded public trust in political institutions, leading to demands for more stringent regulations and oversight.
  • Political Reforms: There is a growing push for reforms to ensure that political campaigns and funding are free from religious and other external influences.

The End of Unification?

In conclusion, the Unification Church scandal has exposed deep-seated issues within Japanese politics and society. As the nation grapples with the fallout, the focus will be on restoring trust, implementing reforms, and navigating the complex interplay between religion and politics. The scandal serves as a reminder of the need for vigilance and transparency in maintaining the integrity of democratic institutions.

Effective Japanese Reading Strategies: Overcoming Challenges

Japanese is a language rich with nuance, and reading it proficiently involves more than just recognising characters and words. The resources and content I put out via this website and Youtube tries to focus on one thing: authentic materials and content from real Japanese speakers so that you input better and thus output better.

Many learners make common mistakes. Understanding these pitfalls and knowing how to avoid them can make a significant difference in your skills. This blog post dives into some common mistakes in Japanese reading and provides practical tips to help you navigate them effectively.

1. Confusing Similar Kanji Characters

Mistake: Japanese kanji can be visually similar but have different meanings and pronunciations. For instance, the kanji for “tree” (木) and “wood” (材).

Tip: Focus on understanding the radical components (if you don’t understand what I mean, you need to click that link) and meanings of similar kanji.

For example, the kanji 木 (tree) and 材 (material) both contain the radical 木 (tree), but 材 has additional components suggesting a different meaning. Practice by writing these kanji repeatedly and using mnemonic devices. For instance, remember that 木 is a basic tree, while 材 refers to material from a tree. Using flashcards with example sentences can also reinforce the correct usage.

Kanji textbooks and websites like kanjidamage.com are amazing for this, and many JLPT textbooks for kanji will test you very thoroughly on these points. Here are some examples to consider:

  • 未 (み – Not Yet) vs. 末 (すえ – End)
  • 水 (みず – Water) vs. 氷 (こおり – Ice)
  • 時 (とき – Time) vs. 待つ (まつ – Wait) vs. 持つ (もつ – Hold)

2. Misinterpreting Particle Usage

Mistake: Misusing particles like は , が , and を can lead to confusion. For example, mixing up は and が often confuses learners.

Asking why these particles are different is not helpful. Asking most native speakers how they are different is similarly not helpful, as the differences between them are innately understood by native speakers and so they will find it hard to explain.

Tae Kim’s explanations for particles are quite good, and if you want to get better at particles, you have to think of them the right way. It is important to consider what particles are for and what role they serve. As you get deeper into Japanese, you’ll find additional meanings, usages and functions, but really it comes down to one thing: particles show the grammatical relationship between words.

3. Overlooking Kanji Readings

Mistake: Many learners struggle with kanji readings because kanji often have multiple readings: おんよみand くんよみ. I go through this in my kanji post linked above under point 1.

Tip: Focus on the readings in context rather than memorising them in isolation. When you encounter a kanji, read the entire word or phrase to understand its correct pronunciation. Use tools like rikaichan to check readings when you’re unsure.

5. Misunderstanding Homophones

Mistake: Japanese has many homophones—words that sound the same but have different meanings. For example, the words “神” (kami – god) and “紙” (kami – paper) are written the same – かみ – but pronounced differently.

Tip: This becomes a major problem as you progress through Japanese (well, I struggle with it) and people that have backgrounds in languages that encourage more careful management of tones / pronunciation like Chinese, Thai, Korean and others tend to do better in this regard.

Books on Japanese tones and learning to read the tone maps / pronunciation guides in dictionaries can help with this, alongside the AJATT methods of recording yourself saying Japanese phrases that you obtained from Japanese media.

7. Neglecting Sentence Structure

Mistake: Focusing solely on individual words without understanding sentence structure ie ignoring grammar is one of the most common ‘shortcuts’ that JSLers use and it always leads to disaster. Trying to speak/understand Japanese just by cramming words is like trying to a powerful car without any driving experience just because you filled it up with premium fuel.

Tip: Try and equally load your study time between content consumption, book learning and conversations with native speakers. Balance your book learning around word lists, focused kanji practice and grammar lessons.

9. Over-relying on Translation Tools

Mistake: Relying too heavily on translation tools can lead to superficial understanding and neglect of nuance. For example, machine translations may miss idiomatic expressions or subtle meanings.

Tip: Use translation tools as a supplementary aid, not a crutch. After getting a basic translation, try to understand the text on your own. Analyse phrases and words in context, and compare the translation with your understanding. Engage with native materials and practice reading without immediate translation to improve comprehension.

Conclusion

Improving your Japanese reading skills involves more than just recognising characters. By addressing specific mistakes—such as confusing similar kanji, misinterpreting particles, overlooking readings, and understanding homophones—you can enhance your comprehension and reading ability.

Focus on contextual learning, practice consistently, and engage with authentic Japanese materials. With these targeted strategies, you’ll be well on your way to reading Japanese more effectively and with greater confidence.

Happy reading!

Engaging, improving and studying

The problem

You want to communicate in a second language, but you can neither understand nor form anything approaching a level of conversation that you’re subjectively happy with.

The solution

Go out there and talk and consume content anyway.

There’s no secret shortcut that I can tell you, and I can only relate as to my own journey on learning Japanese. Whether you think my Japanese is good or not is up to you, and I have a lot of content on my YouTube channel including longer conversations with native speakers to show you what I can do:

I am constantly amazed at the level of Japanese people can speak despite never setting foot in Japan. I say this due to so many of my own insights and eureka moments occurring during conversations with Japanese people and hearing a word get used in context that at least starts to cement that word or manner of speaking in my head.

I have spent many hours studying from books and these hours were not wasted. There are particular areas of Japanese, such as kanji, that I think need this type of study. My comments above as a JSL speaker apply of course to this as well: I simply don’t think it is possible to ‘know’ how to study a language at 100% effectiveness to become native-level. You can throw whatever studies, experts or whatever at me to try and disprove this. I’ll consider evidence but fundamentally it goes beyond epistemology, linguistics or any form of human knowledge.

Neo: I know Kung Fu Morpheus: Show me.
I’ll make exceptions for some Neuralink/matrix technology in the future

However, the pattern of studying Japanese often followed the cycle of book study, content consumption and then playtesting in real life: actually getting out there and talking to Japanese people and trying to have a conversation about anything.

That’s the advantage of living in Japan, to do anything involves interfacing with Japanese and so you’re in a sense forced into these interactions. Doing reps everyday reinforces your learning in ways you don’t notice and then it compounds over time.

As an example, I used to try and read Japanese books when I had free time in the library while I was in Japanese high school. I would also do as much school work as I could (while in class of course, I wasn’t doing any Japanese homework because that was important TV time) which for the first 6 months or so involved writing hundreds of lines of dictation from the teacher. I had no idea what it was I was writing and didn’t really go back and read it at any point, but I saw it as laying the groundwork.

I consider myself a fairly adept user of English, and remembered that a large part of that came down to reading a lot of books and writing a lot of short stories/essays. So I figured surely I have to do something approach that body of work in a second language as well.