If you’ve ever tried learning Japanese, you might have stumbled across a fascinating aspect of the language that leaves many learners both amused and bewildered: words that that fall under various linguistic labels such as phenomimes and onomatopes.
Phenomime: A word or phrase that mimics a certain physical form or motion
Onomatope: A word formed by onomatopoeia or mimesis.
In Japanese, these sound words are not only common but also incredibly versatile, adding layers of meaning and emotion to conversation. Let’s dive into this quirky world where sounds take center stage and explore why onomatopoeia is not just a linguistic curiosity but a delightful window into Japanese culture.
What Are Onomatopoeia in Japanese?
Onomatopoeia refers to words that phonetically imitate or resemble the sound they describe. In English, we have words like “buzz” or “meow,” but Japanese takes this concept to a whole new level. The language is rich with sound words that capture not just auditory experiences but also emotions and actions.
For example, the word ワンワン represents the bark of a dog, while ニャンニャン mimics a cat’s meow. However, the magic doesn’t stop there. Japanese onomatopoeia can express feelings and states too! Words like ピカピカ can mean something that shines or glitters, and it doesn’t tend to be the case that an onomatopoeia has just one meaning (that’d be too easy). There are variations of the same onomatopoeia that often use a っと such as ピカっと which still retains the shines/glitter meaning, but is more specifically to refer to a flash of light, such as lightning. Combine this with the squeak of a mouse, チュー and you get a pretty iconic Pokémon:
It’s a treasure trove of auditory imagery that turns everyday conversation into a vibrant tapestry of sounds.
Categories of Onomatopoeia
Japanese onomatopoeia can be broadly categorised into two types: 擬声語 and 擬態語.
擬声語: These are sound-imitating words, much like the English examples mentioned earlier. They depict sounds made by animals, objects, and nature.
擬態語: These words describe states or conditions and often evoke a sensory experience rather than a specific sound. For instance, ドキドキrepresents the sound of a beating heart, usually in the context of excitement or nervousness, while さらさら describes something smooth or flowing.
This distinction might seem subtle, but it adds depth to the language. Native speakers can use these differences to vividly express a wide range of situations and emotions, making their conversations much more engaging and colourful.
Why Are They Important?
Incorporating onomatopoeia into your Japanese vocabulary can give you a significant edge in fluency. They are widely used in everyday conversation, manga, anime, and even advertising. Here are a few reasons why mastering these sound words is beneficial:
Cultural Nuance: Understanding onomatopoeia can provide insight into Japanese culture. These words often reflect the Japanese appreciation for nature and emotions.
Expressiveness: Onomatopoeic words allow speakers to convey emotions more vividly. Saying someone is “nervous” might not convey the feeling as strongly as saying they are ドキドキ. It’s this expressiveness that adds flavour to conversations.
Language Play: Onomatopoeia opens the door to playful language use. Japanese speakers often enjoy wordplay, using sound words in creative ways. This not only makes conversations fun but also encourages learners to be playful with their language skills.
Useful Examples
Let’s look at some amusing and interesting examples of onomatopoeia that you can use in daily conversation:
ブルブル: This describes shivering or trembling, often used when someone is cold or scared. You might say, 寒いからブルブルしている! – “I’m shivering because it’s cold!”
ワクワク: This word expresses excitement or anticipation, like the feeling before going to an amusement park or meeting a friend. For example, 明日、旅行に行くからワクワクしている! – “I’m excited because I’m going on a trip tomorrow!”
ゴロゴロ: This represents a rolling sound, often used to describe laziness or lounging around. You might say, 今日は家でゴロゴロしている。 – “I’m just lounging around at home today.”
Learning Through Context
One of the best ways to learn onomatopoeia is through context. Watching Japanese shows, reading manga, or listening to music can expose you to these sound words in action. You’ll notice how they enhance storytelling and dialogue, making characters’ emotions more relatable and vivid.
For example, in anime, a character might react with a quick ギャー when scared, or a cute scene might be underscored with a soft ニャンニャン to represent a cat. This immersion helps you understand how these sound words fit naturally into conversation.
Conclusion
Japanese onomatopoeia is more than just a fun linguistic quirk; it’s a vibrant part of the culture that enhances communication. By embracing these sound words, you can enrich your Japanese language skills and connect more deeply with the nuances of everyday life in Japan. So next time you practice your Japanese, don’t shy away from sprinkling in some of these words, as if you use them more and watch the expression of your native Japanese speaker carefully, you’ll be able to tell whether you hit the mark or not.
In Japan, the culture of 部活 (ぶかつ), or after-school club activities, plays a significant role in the lives of students. These clubs, which encompass a wide range of sports, arts, and other extracurricular activities, offer students an opportunity to engage, grow, and connect outside of the classroom.
Particularly popular among high school students, 部活 not only provide a venue for honing skills but also foster teamwork, discipline, and a sense of community. In this blog post, we will explore the most popular sports in 部活, how these activities are organised and managed by schools, their connection to professional sports, and the trends observed in 部活 over the last 30 years.
The Most Popular Activities for 部活
Among the many activities available, certain sports stand out as particularly popular within the 部活 framework. These include:
1. Baseball
Baseball (野球・やきゅう) is often regarded as Japan’s national pastime and is the most popular 部活 sport. Many schools have dedicated baseball teams that train rigorously and compete in regional and national tournaments. The annual National High School Baseball Championship, held at Koshien Stadium (阪神甲子園球場・はんしんこうしえんきゅうじょう), is a highlight of the year, showcasing the immense talent and dedication of young players.
Japanese high school baseball (高校野球・こうこうやきゅう) is a highly competitive and revered aspect of the country’s sporting culture. It encompasses a structured framework involving public and private schools, and it often acts as a stepping stone for young athletes aspiring to play professionally.
Public and Private Schools
Public high schools in Japan, often funded by local governments, offer a more accessible path for young athletes. They typically emphasise a balanced education, with sports serving as an extracurricular activity or 部活. Some of the most successful public schools have built strong baseball programs that leverage local talent. These schools often create a sense of community and loyalty among students, fostering a team-oriented atmosphere.
In contrast, private schools tend to have more resources, better facilities, and specialised coaching. Institutions like Waseda Jitsugyo (早稲田大学系属早稲田実業学校・わせだだいがくけいぞくわせだじつぎょうがっこう) andSeiko Gakuin(八戸学院光星高等学校・はちのへがくいんこうせいこうとうがっこう）are well-known for their rigorous training programs and ability to attract talented players from across the country.
These schools can afford to invest in advanced training and scouting, often leading to a higher rate of success in tournaments.
Notable Schools in the Last 30 Years
Over the past three decades, several high schools have established themselves as powerhouses in Japanese high school baseball. 日本文理高等学校（にほんぶんりこうとうがっこう), for example, has produced notable talents such as 田中将大 (たなかまさひろ), who made a significant impact in both Japan and the USA’s Major League Baseball (MLB).
Osaka Toin High School (大阪桐蔭中学校・高等学校・おおさかとういんちゅうがっこう・こうとうがっこう) has made headlines in recent years, not just for its success at 甲子園 but also for developing players like 筒香 嘉智 (つつごもよしとも), who transitioned to MLB after a successful career in Japan.
Of course, attending these schools is by no means a sure thing for a career in professional baseball, and possibly one of the greatest of all time players, the absolute dominator 大谷翔平 (おおたにしょうへい) went to 花巻東高等学校（はなまきひがしこうとうがっこう), mainly because his idol 菊池雄星 attended, not winning 甲子園 either.
2. Soccer
Soccer (サッカー) has seen a significant rise in popularity since the 1990s, especially following Japan’s successful hosting of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Many high schools boast robust soccer programs, with girls’ soccer also gaining traction. Competitive leagues and tournaments allow students to showcase their skills on larger stages, often leading to recruitment by college teams.
The typical グラウンド at Japanese public schools is often not grass and instead a sandy/rocky surface which may be OK for baseball, but is terrible for soccer (and yes, I don’t call it football because I’m Australian).
Would you want to do a slide tackle on this surface?
3. Basketball
Basketball (バスケットボール) is another favorite, particularly among urban schools. High school basketball competitions, such as the Inter-High, draw considerable attention, and many students aspire to follow in the footsteps of players who have gone on to professional leagues, such as the B.League in Japan.
Basketball 部活 has become a sort of focal point about the continued viability of 部活 in Japan, with many calls for these activities to be run by outsourcing them from the schools (外部委託・がいぶいたく):
Teachers are tasked with managing and training the team, often on a volunteer basis. Most 部活 are run 5 days a week after school, with tournaments on the weekends, and this can be almost another fulltime job on top of a teacher’s normal school load.
4. Volleyball
Volleyball (バレーボール), both boys’ and girls’, has a dedicated following. School teams participate in various tournaments, with girls’ volleyball often receiving significant media attention, especially after Japan’s women’s national team gained prominence on the international stage.
5. Tennis
Tennis (テニス) remains popular, with many schools offering both singles and doubles play. The competitive nature of high school tennis fosters camaraderie and rivalry, and the sport is often a gateway for students to pursue tennis at higher levels.
6. Martial Arts
Martial arts, including judo (柔道), kendo (剣道), and karate (空手), hold a unique place in 部活. These activities not only emphasise physical fitness but also instill values of respect, discipline, and self-control, making them appealing to many students.
While some schools may have a dedicated 武道場 or similar (for example, I was in the 卓球部 and we shared half of the hall with 剣道部), another way to make use of space is to clear out the desks and chairs from a classroom, throw mats down, and have the training session that way.
How 部活 are Run by Schools
部活 are typically organised and run by individual schools, with varying degrees of structure and support. Each school generally has a faculty advisor who oversees the club’s activities, ensuring that students balance their academic responsibilities with their extracurricular commitments.
Structure and Commitment
Participation in 部活 often requires a substantial commitment, with practices held several times a week, sometimes even daily. This level of dedication helps build a strong team dynamic, but it can also be demanding. Students often manage their time carefully to juggle homework, 部活, and personal interests.
Some Japanese schools have practice both before and after school, which coupled with the rigorous academic level of Japanese schools, quite often leads to burnout. Many students end up dropping 部活 by their final year of high school. Some students will skip out all together, instead saying they are 帰宅部 (going home club).
It is also an opportunity to make friends in other years, although the 後輩・先輩 system can get in the way depending on the school.
Funding and Resources
Schools typically provide basic funding for 部活, including uniforms, equipment, and travel expenses for competitions. However, many clubs also engage in fundraising activities to supplement their budgets. This can involve hosting events, selling merchandise, or seeking sponsorships from local businesses.
Competition and Achievement
Competitions are a key aspect of 部活, and schools often celebrate the achievements of their teams. Success in competitions can elevate the school’s reputation and foster pride among students. Additionally, the experience gained through these activities can lead to scholarship opportunities for students aspiring to continue their sports careers at the collegiate level.
We went to some tournaments for my table tennis club, and despite being on a Saturday, we had to wear our school uniforms to the competition (a key fact that I was not aware of).
The Connection to Professional Sports
The relationship between 部活 and professional sports is undeniable. Many professional athletes in Japan have roots in high school 部活, where they first discovered their passion and talent for their respective sports.
Scouting and Recruitment
Professional sports teams often scout talent at high school competitions, looking for promising players to join their ranks. The visibility that comes from performing well in high school tournaments can open doors for students, leading to opportunities to play at the collegiate level or even professionally.
Role Models and Inspiration
Moreover, professional athletes frequently return to their alma maters or engage with local schools to inspire the next generation of players. This connection not only motivates students but also reinforces the idea that dedication and hard work can lead to success in sports.
Trends in 部活 Over the Last 30 Years
The landscape of 部活 has evolved significantly over the past three decades, reflecting broader societal changes and shifts in cultural attitudes towards sports and extracurricular activities.
Increased Inclusivity
One notable trend is the increasing inclusivity of 部活. In recent years, more schools have established mixed-gender teams and expanded offerings to include sports that cater to a wider range of interests, such as eSports and yoga. This shift reflects a broader societal recognition of diverse athleticism and the importance of mental well-being.
Global Influence
The globalisation of sports culture has also impacted 部活. Exposure to international sports and training methods has led to the incorporation of new techniques and styles into traditional Japanese sports, enhancing overall competitiveness. For instance, the influence of American basketball and European soccer tactics can be observed in the training regimens of high school teams.
Emphasis on Mental Health
Furthermore, there has been a growing awareness of the mental health implications associated with the intense pressures of 部活. Schools are increasingly recognising the importance of mental well-being and implementing programs to support students in managing stress and maintaining a healthy balance between academics and extracurriculars.
Whether this is lip-service or is having actual impact remains to be seen.
Technological Advancements
Advancements in technology have transformed training and coaching methods. Many schools now utilise video analysis, wearable fitness trackers, and online platforms for training, helping students refine their skills and track their progress more effectively.
Conclusion
Bukatsu remains a vital component of student life in Japan, shaping not only the athletic landscape but also the cultural fabric of the nation. As the most popular sports continue to thrive and evolve, so too do the values and lessons imparted through these activities.
From fostering teamwork and discipline to nurturing future professional athletes, 部活 offers students a rich and rewarding experience that extends far beyond the playing field. In embracing inclusivity, global influences, mental health awareness, and technological advancements, 部活 is well-positioned to adapt to the changing needs of students while continuing to inspire generations to come, but the future structure of the system is likely to change significantly in the coming years.
In recent years, the phenomenon known as トー横キッズ (Tōyoko Kids) has emerged as a distinctive feature of urban youth culture in Yokohama. This group of young individuals, often seen sitting on the streets and engaging in various activities, reflects broader social dynamics and issues affecting Japan’s youth today.
In this post, we’ll explore what Tōyoko Kids do, the reasons behind their behavior, the social challenges they face, and the response from law enforcement, all while considering whether this is a unique phenomenon or part of a larger trend.
Who Are the トー横キッズ?
Tōyoko Kids are primarily teenagers and young adults who gather near the infamous Kabuki-chou area of Tokyo. Per the Wikipedia article:
「トー横」とは「新宿東宝ビルの横」 Toyoko is a portmanteau of the To from Touhoubiru and Yoko from ‘next to’.
They are often recognised by their relaxed demeanor, sitting on the ground (not even a Japanese squat!) in groups, sharing stories, music, and creating art.
This casual gathering is more than just hanging out; it’s a form of self-expression and community-building among youths who might feel disconnected from conventional societal norms.
Why Do They Sit on the Ground?
The act of sitting on the ground might seem trivial, but it is a deliberate act and signals a type of social message.
For Tōyoko Kids, sitting on the pavement symbolises a rejection of formal structures and expectations. It’s a way to carve out a space that feels safe and accepting, away from the pressures of daily life and societal judgments. This behavior resonates with the desire for freedom and authenticity, as many young people find solace in the company of peers who share similar values and experiences.
Social Problems Surrounding Tōyoko Kids
While Tōyoko Kids embody creativity and community, they also face various social challenges.
The deliberate choice to sit-out is not a good way to get ahead in Japanese society, not that they particularly care. Issues such as unemployment, and alienation are prevalent among this demographic. The pressures of academic and career expectations can lead to feelings of inadequacy, prompting some young people to seek refuge in alternative lifestyles or just check-out altogether.
Additionally, the presence of Tōyoko Kids has raised concerns among local residents regarding public safety and disturbances. Misunderstandings about their intentions can lead to negative perceptions, resulting in tension between the youths and the broader community.
Law Enforcement’s Response
In response to the emergence of Tōyoko Kids, police have taken a proactive approach. Their involvement often focuses on ensuring public safety and maintaining order. While some officers may view the gatherings as potential sources of trouble, others are beginning to recognise the need for a more nuanced understanding of these youths.
Police have implemented measures such as dialogue and outreach programs to foster better communication between law enforcement and Tōyoko Kids. This approach aims to alleviate tensions and promote a sense of mutual respect. However, fundamentally the mistrust and disconnect the youth feel, rightly or wrongly, means they’re not too keen on engaging with this outreach.
However, the challenge remains in balancing the need for safety with the rights of young people to gather and express themselves.
Is This a Unique Social Phenomenon?
The Tōyoko Kids phenomenon is not entirely unique; rather, it mirrors similar trends seen in urban centers worldwide. Youth subcultures often form in response to societal pressures, economic challenges, and the search for identity. Similar gatherings can be found in other parts of Japan, such as the Harajuku and Shibuya districts, where young people congregate to express their individuality and creativity.
However, Tōyoko Kids stand out due to their specific cultural context, reflecting local dynamics and issues that may differ from other cities. Their gatherings provide a unique lens through which to examine the complexities of modern youth culture in Japan.
Conclusion
The emergence of トー横キッズ is a fascinating and multifaceted aspect of contemporary Japanese society. While they represent a vibrant community of creativity and expression, they also embody the challenges faced by many young people today. Understanding their experiences—rooted in a desire for connection and authenticity—can foster greater empathy and dialogue among different segments of society.
As Tōyoko Kids continue to navigate their place in the urban landscape, it is crucial for communities and authorities to engage with them thoughtfully. By recognising their unique contributions and challenges, we can pave the way for a more inclusive and understanding society that values the voices of its youth.
Akira Kurosawa’s 「生きる」is a cinematic gem that delves deep into the human experience, focusing on themes of mortality, purpose, and the meaning of life. Released in 1952, the film tells the poignant story of Kanji Watanabe, a lifelong bureaucrat who discovers he has terminal cancer and embarks on a journey to find meaning before his time runs out.
Kurosawa masterfully brings to life Japanese government bureaucracy in a visceral way, however the focus is often how unfulfilling the work is, how useless it is in achieving anything, and how it tends to infect and destroy everyone else who comes into contact with it. Even Watanabe’s own coworkers make promises to do better following his eventual death, but almost immediately return to their old ways once back in the office.
In this post, we’ll explore ten famous quotes from the film, analysing their grammar, vocabulary, and significance in the context of the story.
Overview of 生きる
Set in post-war Japan, 生きる is a reflection on the monotony of bureaucratic life and the struggle to find significance in life, even in the face of impending death.
Watanabe’s monotonous, bureaucratic position in the Tokyo public works department has seen him unfulfilled for thirty years but his retirement looms. His family situation doesn’t leave much to look forward to as his wife is already dead, and his son, Mitsuo, is uninterested in his father and only has eyes for his father’s estate and lifetime pension.
Watanabe is one of the most common surnames in Japan, often ranking in the top ten most common surnames:
From 攻殻機動隊 SAC EP10
However, upon learning of his diagnosis, Watanabe’s transformation from a passive office worker to a man determined to leave a lasting legacy ripples through not only the rest of his own short time remaining, but also has real world effects (although not with the soulless coworkers).
This bravery and determination resonates with viewers, encouraging them to reflect on their own lives. The film’s deep philosophical undercurrents, combined with Kurosawa’s masterful direction, make 生きる a timeless classic.
This film touches on an aspect of my own life that I try and keep at the forefront of my mind. That our time is short, you don’t get a do-over, and so you should try and make something of yourself and impact the world around you, hopefully in a positive way.
A scene which encapsulates this determination to see that change happens is when Watanabe’s proposal gets turned down and he is dismissed as the boss goes back to talking about a banquet he attended the previous night. Watanabe merely stands at the desk and eventually interrupts their discussion to ask them to reconsider the denial, an absolute affront to the hierarchy present in these organisations.
The underlying issue of a red light district and the involvement of criminal elements also sees Watanabe physically threatened and intimidated, only for him to continue on in with his task.
The usage of a wake by Kurosawa to help explain the surrounding character’s understanding of Watanabe’s actions helps one become a fly on the wall as we follow Watanabe’s mission. We switch between the present, the conversations at the wake, versus the actions of Watanabe as they unfold.
Quote 1: “生きる” – “To live”
Grammar and Vocabulary: The word “生きる” (ikiru) is a verb meaning “to live.” It encapsulates the film’s central theme, urging viewers to contemplate what it truly means to live.
Significance: This simple yet profound expression sets the tone for Watanabe’s journey. It’s a call to action, prompting the audience to examine their own lives and the choices they make.
I’ve got a whole beginner playlist on YouTube that talks about verbs if you want to learn more about this:
Quote 2: “私は死にたくない” – “I don’t want to die”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“私” means “I.”
“死にたくない” is using the verb “死ぬ” with the negative たい form to make don’t want to die.
Significance: This quote highlights Watanabe’s initial fear of death. His reluctance to accept his fate drives him to seek meaning, illustrating the universal human instinct to cling to life.
Quote 3: “無駄な生活” – “A wasted life”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“無駄” means “waste” or “futility.”
“生活” translates to “life” or “living.”
Significance: Watanabe’s acknowledgment of his previous existence as a “wasted life” serves as a catalyst for his transformation. This quote resonates with anyone who has felt unfulfilled, urging them to seek purpose. 生活’s first kanji is the 生きる kanji we saw earlier.
Quote 4: “私には夢がある” – “I have a dream”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“夢” means “dream.”
“ある” indicates existence.
Significance: This line marks a turning point for Watanabe. By expressing his desire for a dream, he embraces hope and motivation. It reflects the idea that dreams give life meaning and direction.
He also has spent a lot of time daydreaming to get through his boring days at work, and also his mind starts to race when thinking about possibilities that he never even considered until his impending death.
Quote 5: “人間は死ぬまで生きている” – “A person lives until they die”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“人間” means “human being.”
“死ぬまで” means “until death.”
“生きている” is the continuous form of “to live.”
Significance: This quote emphasises the importance of living fully. It suggests that one’s actions and impact extend beyond mere existence, urging viewers to make the most of their time.
This also brings to the fore the dilemma facing Watanabe; he can choose to throw in the towel and do nothing, but until he is actually dead he feels he has a duty to do something meaningful. Besides, what is the worst that could happen? He gets blacklisted from future employment? He doesn’t care anymore about putting his head above the parapet.
Quote 6: “子供たちのために” – “For the sake of the children”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“子供たち” means “children.”
“ために” translates to “for the sake of.”
Significance: Watanabe’s focus on leaving a legacy for future generations showcases the theme of altruism. This quote underscores the notion that true fulfillment comes from contributing to others’ lives.
Ironically enough, Watanabe’s own son cares about him so little that when Watanabe tries to tell him that he is dying, the son is too preoccupied with something to pay any attention and so Watanabe loses his nerve to actually break the news.
Quote 7: “私は何をすればいいのか” – “What should I do?”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“何” means “what.”
“すれば” is the conditional form of “する” (to do).
“いいのか” expresses inquiry.
Significance: This moment of self-reflection highlights Watanabe’s existential crisis. It captures the uncertainty many face when seeking meaning, illustrating the struggle to find direction.
Watanabe is also facing a type of Kafkaesque hell with so many departments with different jurisdictions, all completely uninterested in actually helping the citizens who pay their salaries. He doesn’t know where to start to do something as simple as drain some wastewater in order to get a playground useable again despite having over 3 decades in the job.
Quote 8: “私の仕事は…” – “My job is…”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“私の” means “my.”
“仕事” translates to “job” or “work.”
Significance: This quote reflects Watanabe’s previous identity as a bureaucrat. It serves as a reminder of how societal roles can often overshadow personal aspirations, prompting a reevaluation of one’s priorities.
It also points to him realising what his actual job is now, it is not being a paper pusher but instead something more.
Quote 9: “幸せが見つからない” – “I can’t find happiness”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“幸せ” means “happiness.”
“見つからない” is the negative form of “見つかる” (to be found).
Significance: This expression encapsulates Watanabe’s internal struggle. His quest for happiness reflects a universal desire, resonating with viewers who grapple with their own definitions of fulfillment.
Quote 10: “私が変わる” – “I will change”
Grammar and Vocabulary:
“私が” (watashi ga) indicates “I” as the subject.
“変わる” (kawaru) means “to change.”
Significance: This declaration marks Watanabe’s commitment to transformation. It embodies the film’s core message: it’s never too late to change one’s life and pursue a meaningful existence.
There is something a little deeper here in the grammar, as we have a difference between かわる vs かえる, with Watanabe realising that he will change as a result of what he will do, rather than him actually changing himself. I go over this topic when dealing with transitive and intransitive verbs:
Conclusion
生きる is not just a film about death; it’s a profound exploration of life, purpose, and legacy. Each quote serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities of human existence, urging viewers to reflect on their own lives and choices. Through Watanabe’s journey, Kurosawa encourages us to live fully, embrace our dreams, and make a difference in the lives of others, and to do it now, while you still can.
As you delve into 生きる, consider these quotes and the lessons they impart. What does it mean for you to truly live? How can you find purpose in your own life? Let this film inspire you to seek meaning, even in the simplest moments or even if you can barely move the needle. Try and move it anyway.
In recent years, Japan has been shaken by a scandal involving the Unification Church 統一教会, also known as the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification. This controversy has intertwined with Japanese politics, celebrities, and public life, raising questions about the future of the nation’s political landscape and social fabric.
A Brief History of the Unification Church
Founded in 1954 by Sun Myung Moon, the Unification Church emerged from South Korea with the mission of promoting world peace and interfaith unity. It is an offshoot of Christianity and has spawned a massive empire based on donations from its members, with some of its core tents being Korean in nature such as Korean reunification and being anti-communist.
The church is known for its unique theological beliefs and mass wedding ceremonies, which symbolize the union of people from diverse backgrounds. Despite its lofty ideals, the church has faced criticism and controversy over its fundraising methods, doctrinal teachings, and influence in various countries. The weddings are typically not legally binding and the couples later on have separate legal ceremonies.
The Unification Church Scandal in Japan
The scandal erupted as allegations surfaced regarding the church’s influence over Japanese politics and its controversial fundraising practices. Reports emerged about significant financial contributions made by church members to Japanese politicians, leading to questions about the integrity of political processes. Additionally, revelations about the church’s involvement with high-profile individuals in Japanese society further fueled the controversy.
One of the biggest flashpoints regarding this involved the July 2022 assassination of former prime minister Shinzo Abe at the hands of a shooter who later claimed that his motivations for the crime were from his mother’s bankruptcy due to excessive donations to the church and he believed that Abe was involved in the leadership of the church.
The government’s investigation concluded that the group’s practices – including fund-raising activities that allegedly pressured followers to make exorbitant donations – violated legislation such as the Religious Corporations Act.
That law allows Japanese courts to order the dissolution of a religious group if it has committed an act “clearly found to harm public welfare substantially.” This step has occurred twice before in Japanese history.
Following the deadly 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway system, the Aum Shinrikyo cult was dissolved after dozens were killed and thousands injured. The other time was regarding the group the Myokaku-ji Temple, when it was discovered that priests at the temple were charging for exorcisms.
Top Figures Involved
Sun Myung Moon (Deceased) – The founder of the Unification Church, Moon’s legacy remains a significant part of the scandal due to his role in establishing and promoting the church’s practices.
Hak Ja Han Moon – Sun Myung Moon’s widow and co-leader of the Unification Church. She has been involved in efforts to maintain the church’s influence and address the scandal’s fallout.
Shinzo Abe (Deceased)
Fumio Kishida – The current Prime Minister of Japan, Kishida has been at the forefront of addressing the scandal’s impact on Japanese politics and public trust.
Tetsuo Kondo – A prominent Japanese politician and former member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), who has faced scrutiny for his connections with the church.
Yoshihide Suga – Former prime minister and an influential figure in the LDP. Suga’s administration was criticized for its alleged ties with the church.
Koichi Hagiuda – A key LDP member who has been implicated in the scandal due to his associations with church-affiliated groups.
Masahiko Shibayama – A Japanese politician whose links to the church have been scrutinized, raising questions about his role in the controversy.
Shinjiro Koizumi – A rising star in Japanese politics whose connections to the church have been examined, impacting his political career. He is the son of former prime minister Junichiro Koizumi.
Toshio Nakamura – A well-known Japanese celebrity who publicly supported the church, his involvement has drawn significant media attention.
Impact on Japan’s Political System
The scandal has significantly impacted Japanese politics. There have been increased calls for transparency and reforms within political parties to prevent undue influence from religious organisations. The fallout from the scandal has led to:
Increased Scrutiny: Political leaders and public figures are under greater scrutiny regarding their affiliations and financial dealings.
Public Distrust: The scandal has eroded public trust in political institutions, leading to demands for more stringent regulations and oversight.
Political Reforms: There is a growing push for reforms to ensure that political campaigns and funding are free from religious and other external influences.
The End of Unification?
In conclusion, the Unification Church scandal has exposed deep-seated issues within Japanese politics and society. As the nation grapples with the fallout, the focus will be on restoring trust, implementing reforms, and navigating the complex interplay between religion and politics. The scandal serves as a reminder of the need for vigilance and transparency in maintaining the integrity of democratic institutions.
Japanese is a language rich with nuance, and reading it proficiently involves more than just recognising characters and words. The resources and content I put out via this website and Youtube tries to focus on one thing: authentic materials and content from real Japanese speakers so that you input better and thus output better.
Many learners make common mistakes. Understanding these pitfalls and knowing how to avoid them can make a significant difference in your skills. This blog post dives into some common mistakes in Japanese reading and provides practical tips to help you navigate them effectively.
1. Confusing Similar Kanji Characters
Mistake: Japanese kanji can be visually similar but have different meanings and pronunciations. For instance, the kanji for “tree” (木) and “wood” (材).
Tip: Focus on understanding the radical components (if you don’t understand what I mean, you need to click that link) and meanings of similar kanji.
For example, the kanji 木 (tree) and 材 (material) both contain the radical 木 (tree), but 材 has additional components suggesting a different meaning. Practice by writing these kanji repeatedly and using mnemonic devices. For instance, remember that 木 is a basic tree, while 材 refers to material from a tree. Using flashcards with example sentences can also reinforce the correct usage.
Kanji textbooks and websites like kanjidamage.com are amazing for this, and many JLPT textbooks for kanji will test you very thoroughly on these points. Here are some examples to consider:
未 (み – Not Yet) vs. 末 (すえ – End)
水 (みず – Water) vs. 氷 (こおり – Ice)
時 (とき – Time) vs. 待つ (まつ – Wait) vs. 持つ (もつ – Hold)
2. Misinterpreting Particle Usage
Mistake: Misusing particles like は , が , and を can lead to confusion. For example, mixing up は and が often confuses learners.
Asking why these particles are different is not helpful. Asking most native speakers how they are different is similarly not helpful, as the differences between them are innately understood by native speakers and so they will find it hard to explain.
Tae Kim’s explanations for particles are quite good, and if you want to get better at particles, you have to think of them the right way. It is important to consider what particles are for and what role they serve. As you get deeper into Japanese, you’ll find additional meanings, usages and functions, but really it comes down to one thing: particles show the grammatical relationship between words.
3. Overlooking Kanji Readings
Mistake: Many learners struggle with kanji readings because kanji often have multiple readings: おんよみand くんよみ. I go through this in my kanji post linked above under point 1.
Tip: Focus on the readings in context rather than memorising them in isolation. When you encounter a kanji, read the entire word or phrase to understand its correct pronunciation. Use tools like rikaichan to check readings when you’re unsure.
5. Misunderstanding Homophones
Mistake: Japanese has many homophones—words that sound the same but have different meanings. For example, the words “神” (kami – god) and “紙” (kami – paper) are written the same – かみ – but pronounced differently.
Tip: This becomes a major problem as you progress through Japanese (well, I struggle with it) and people that have backgrounds in languages that encourage more careful management of tones / pronunciation like Chinese, Thai, Korean and others tend to do better in this regard.
Books on Japanese tones and learning to read the tone maps / pronunciation guides in dictionaries can help with this, alongside the AJATT methods of recording yourself saying Japanese phrases that you obtained from Japanese media.
7. Neglecting Sentence Structure
Mistake: Focusing solely on individual words without understanding sentence structure ie ignoring grammar is one of the most common ‘shortcuts’ that JSLers use and it always leads to disaster. Trying to speak/understand Japanese just by cramming words is like trying to a powerful car without any driving experience just because you filled it up with premium fuel.
Tip: Try and equally load your study time between content consumption, book learning and conversations with native speakers. Balance your book learning around word lists, focused kanji practice and grammar lessons.
9. Over-relying on Translation Tools
Mistake: Relying too heavily on translation tools can lead to superficial understanding and neglect of nuance. For example, machine translations may miss idiomatic expressions or subtle meanings.
Tip: Use translation tools as a supplementary aid, not a crutch. After getting a basic translation, try to understand the text on your own. Analyse phrases and words in context, and compare the translation with your understanding. Engage with native materials and practice reading without immediate translation to improve comprehension.
Conclusion
Improving your Japanese reading skills involves more than just recognising characters. By addressing specific mistakes—such as confusing similar kanji, misinterpreting particles, overlooking readings, and understanding homophones—you can enhance your comprehension and reading ability.
Focus on contextual learning, practice consistently, and engage with authentic Japanese materials. With these targeted strategies, you’ll be well on your way to reading Japanese more effectively and with greater confidence.
You want to communicate in a second language, but you can neither understand nor form anything approaching a level of conversation that you’re subjectively happy with.
The solution
Go out there and talk and consume content anyway.
There’s no secret shortcut that I can tell you, and I can only relate as to my own journey on learning Japanese. Whether you think my Japanese is good or not is up to you, and I have a lot of content on my YouTube channel including longer conversations with native speakers to show you what I can do:
I am constantly amazed at the level of Japanese people can speak despite never setting foot in Japan. I say this due to so many of my own insights and eureka moments occurring during conversations with Japanese people and hearing a word get used in context that at least starts to cement that word or manner of speaking in my head.
I have spent many hours studying from books and these hours were not wasted. There are particular areas of Japanese, such as kanji, that I think need this type of study. My comments above as a JSL speaker apply of course to this as well: I simply don’t think it is possible to ‘know’ how to study a language at 100% effectiveness to become native-level. You can throw whatever studies, experts or whatever at me to try and disprove this. I’ll consider evidence but fundamentally it goes beyond epistemology, linguistics or any form of human knowledge.
I’ll make exceptions for some Neuralink/matrix technology in the future
However, the pattern of studying Japanese often followed the cycle of book study, content consumption and then playtesting in real life: actually getting out there and talking to Japanese people and trying to have a conversation about anything.
That’s the advantage of living in Japan, to do anything involves interfacing with Japanese and so you’re in a sense forced into these interactions. Doing reps everyday reinforces your learning in ways you don’t notice and then it compounds over time.
As an example, I used to try and read Japanese books when I had free time in the library while I was in Japanese high school. I would also do as much school work as I could (while in class of course, I wasn’t doing any Japanese homework because that was important TV time) which for the first 6 months or so involved writing hundreds of lines of dictation from the teacher. I had no idea what it was I was writing and didn’t really go back and read it at any point, but I saw it as laying the groundwork.
I consider myself a fairly adept user of English, and remembered that a large part of that came down to reading a lot of books and writing a lot of short stories/essays. So I figured surely I have to do something approach that body of work in a second language as well.
Following on from the post about motivation last week, here is a ‘part 2’ which focuses on recognising the traps your brain sets for you, as recognising these traps or pitfalls is the key to avoiding them.
First we’ll consider the main points. I’ll split this up into reasons for change, end goal orientation, brain cost/benefit circuit, discipline and strategies to approach/overcome.
Reasons for change
Fundamentally, you need to have insight into yourself in order to change any behaviour. If you are not aware of what problems you have or the obstacles in your way, you will have a hard time ever overcoming these issues.
Thus, you need to ask yourself, ‘why change?’.
Perhaps most of us realise we probably should change (workout more, study more, get a better job…) but the why may not come so easy.
So it is important to get straight in your head what it is you want. Now, this question is not as easy to answer as it seems.
End goal orientation
As Dr K says, you need to ‘play the tape through’:
The key point from this, is that your brain is going to try and conserve energy and avoid doing any work, and so will find shortcuts and then convince you to take them. Unfortunately for you, this means skipping out on the things you know you should do, and just get that next dopamine hit.
It is important to understand that those intermediate steps are what makes life worth living, and you can’t skip the hard work and expect anything good to come to you.
Brain cost/benefit circuit
Following on from the scumbag brain post linked above, your brain will do a cost/benefit analysis of basically any situation. It is why breaking up large (seemingly) impossible tasks into bite-sized chunks is one of the best ways to get started on a project.
It’s how you can avoid decision paralysis, procrastination, and most importantly get yourself on a path to achieving and upgrading your life through gradual improvement.
As a survival mechanism, your brain will take into account all kinds of inputs in its decision matrix. For example, think about eating food. If you’re about to go on a road trip where you need to get there by not taking any rest stops, it makes sense to eat before you drive.
You may not feel hungry right now, but you know you will be hungry later, and you won’t be able to do much about it while you’re in the car. There is also little cost to eat now, so you may as well eat.
Your brain makes these calculations all the time, even into more abstract realms. This means that it will weigh up relaxing versus studying for an hour; hanging out with friends versus staying at work an extra hour.
Where you see glorious achievement, your brain instead slides in and whispers in your ear, ‘yeah sure you could go out for a run today, but your end goal is enjoyment/relaxation etc anyway, so why not just do that now?’.
Discipline
Discipline is the only thing which you can offer as a defence when your brain brings this argument. Taking the path of least resistance is great. You get to relax, you get that sweet dopamine hit, and you get to forget about actually working hard.
Unfortunately, you will steal from your own future to fund this living in the here and now.
You need to have what is called a competing interest. If not, the temptation of dopamine and feel-good chemicals is going to win every time. You need to be able to pay the price to stave off this temptation.
This is a deep topic, but you need to develop discipline for yourself, and not because of external pressures.
Find the one thing that you actually want. Write out a list of things that you want in your life. Review the list for what you want rather than what society wants for you. Keep removing items until you get that one thing, then focus on it. Start trying to achieve this one thing in small increments.
This is where the trap comes in. Your brain will tell you that you can get so much more enjoyment from watching YouTube and playing games, and you might as well not try that other stuff (that hasn’t worked in the past).
It will then try the ‘all or nothing’ approach, that you’re not doing enough to change your life despite the first positive step. It does this because it knows that if it tempts you in this way to completely overhaul your life now and then you end up doing nothing.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
If you found this lesson useful, I’d really appreciate a donation. It goes directly into supporting this website and me to produce more content that will help you improve your Japanese.
Laziness and complacency are two of the most common obstacles that people face when trying to learn a new language. This will be a post taking some ideas from Dr K’s videos linked below, and it builds heavily on learning how your mind works and identifying what ‘laziness’ really means.
Laziness is the tendency to avoid doing something that requires effort, while complacency is the feeling of being satisfied with one’s current level of knowledge or skill. Both of these can be detrimental to language learning, as they can prevent you from putting in the necessary time and effort to improve.
Motivation is key to overcoming these obstacles.
However, it is very easy to gloss over these terms and thus never actually get anywhere to ‘solving’ this issue. So let’s look at what ‘laziness’ is, because identifying the cause of your lack of progress has to be one of the first steps to addressing it.
After a lot of buildup and definitions between Asmongold and Dr K (which is important to get through for the insights that Dr K brings but too long to deal with here), we get to this portion of the video 42:08.
Laziness, or the hijacking of your mind aka scumbag brain
Trying to learn a second language does require focusing of the mind, and lots of input. I’ve discussed this topic on my blog many times before, and certainly I would start with this post:
However, often you can spend minutes, hours, days, weeks, months studying a topic and it never sticks. How do you keep going? Firstly, it is to recognise that stopping studying or giving up because you ‘don’t get it’ is not the way forward.
Secondly, it is noticing that we all have that little voice in our head, telling us that it is all too hard and we’ll feel better if we give up. That voice is a scumbag, and there are good evolutionary reasons for conserving energy, which is the genesis of this voice. So all you have to do, is tell that voice to shut up, or ignore it.
Jocko has an interesting way to approach this scumbag voice and I would recommend watching this entire clip:
‘I go anyways. I get it done. Even if I’m just going through the motions. I go through the motions […] Now these could be signals that you need some time off and those signals might be right, they could be correct. But don’t take today off. Not today. Wait until tomorrow. Don’t give in to the immediate gratification that is whispering in your ear. Shut that down, do not listen to that little voice. Instead go through the motions.’
Once you realise that you have control over this voice and it is the sole thing in your way, you will be able to overcome it and move on with your progress towards your goal.
Intellectualising it or calling yourself lazy or whatever other reason you choose from is discussed in detail in the Asmongold video timestamped above.
Don’t get hijacked
Don’t get discouraged if you don’t see progress right away. Instead, focus on the small victories along the way and celebrate your successes. Language learning is brutal as you will not see a linear progression or a matching up of time spent studying and then understanding more. You will hit many plateaus, you will not be able to objectively see progress at all.
However, don’t then use this apparent lack of progress to buy into the self-fulfilling prophesy of ‘I don’t get this’ or ‘I’m too stupid for Japanese’ or ‘my talents lie elsewhere’.
When you’re in the zone, and feel good about your study, that is a healthy moment. However, be wary of the complacent or lazy voice telling you to not care or give up, because that’s just your scumbag brain following its system of using less sugar.
You are in control.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
Reference videos from HealthyGamerGG:
If you found this lesson useful, I’d really appreciate a donation. It goes directly into supporting this website and me to produce more content that will help you improve your Japanese.
Learning Japanese can be a long and challenging journey, and it is common to experience a lack of motivation at times. Here are some tips to help you stay motivated while learning Japanese:
Focus on dedication, not motivation: Motivation can be fleeting, but dedication is what will keep you going in the long run. Remind yourself of your reasons for learning Japanese and stay committed to your goals.
Celebrate small milestones: Learning a language is a gradual process, and it can be easy to get discouraged if you don’t see progress right away. Celebrate small milestones, such as mastering a new grammar point or vocabulary word, to stay motivated.
Set up a schedule: Having a regular study schedule can help you stay on track and make progress in your language learning. Set aside time each day or week to study Japanese, and stick to your schedule as much as possible.
Keep it fun: Learning Japanese should be enjoyable, so find ways to make it fun. This can include watching Japanese TV shows and movies, listening to Japanese music, or playing language learning games.
Find an accountability partner: Having someone to hold you accountable can help you stay motivated and on track. This can be a language exchange partner, a tutor, or a friend who is also learning Japanese.
By following these tips, you can stay motivated and make progress in your Japanese language learning journey. Remember to stay dedicated, celebrate small milestones, and find ways to make learning Japanese fun and enjoyable.
If you found this lesson useful, I’d really appreciate a donation. It goes directly into supporting this website and me to produce more content that will help you improve your Japanese.
